The Potential Global Climate Suitability of Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker Disease (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa)) Using Three Modelling Approaches: CLIMEX, Maxent and Multimodel Framework

In recent years, outbreaks of kiwifruit bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Psa) have caused huge economic losses to two major global producers, Italy and New Zealand. To evaluate the potential risk areas Psa, three modelling methods (MaxEnt, CLIMEX a Multi-Model Framework, including Support Vector Machine or SVM) were used. Current occurrence data for Psa collected from different sources. The long-term climate sourced WorldClim CliMond websites. model results combined into consensus identify hotspots. highlighted where models agreed on suitability Psa. All with respect is currently present identified novel has not established yet. SVM predicted large in Central Asia, Australia, Europe as more highly suitable compared MaxEnt CLIMEX. Annual mean temperature annual precipitation contributed most prediction. Both showed probability establishment increased above 5 °C decreased 20 °C. response curve that excessive rain (>1200 mm/y) constrains establishment. Our will provide useful information management by highlighting climatically susceptible established, such USA, Iran, Denmark, Belgium especially South Africa, been planted commercially years.